Introduction: the early history of tourism, said people traveled from one place to another, especially as food, shelter, or just for curiosity. But at the time of great mobility of people caused by natural elements of human pressure, pleasure, or forced people to move to another location. In the absence of roads and other transport equipment, travel and tourism was a hard way of thinking. This led tours, river or sea navigation in the country.

Now, with the dismantling of national borders, tourism scenario has also changed. There is a steady increase in tourists and more satisfactory average spending of foreign tourists has increased.

Tourism product: The country today can not be promoted as tourism product everywhere. . This is not a special place, both in agriculture and industry to do. India in particular has a 5000-year-old heritage and thousands of monuments and archaeological sites for tourists to enjoy. The country is rich in attractive and well-maintained historic sites and monuments of ancient architectural grandeur. India offers enormous diversity in topography, natural resources and climate. There are country-rocked the mountainous areas, beautiful valleys and plains, dry desert area, white sandy beaches and islands. Central India Wildlife Sanctuary, many with numerous species of flora and fauna. The country has an unparallel cultural diversity, languages, religions, customs and traditions.

The main activities are hiking adventure tourism and skiing in the Himalayas, the river flows into Gangas, water sports in Goa, trout fishing in Himachal Pradesh and many others. We have some of the best beaches in the world, many of which are still unexplored in the Andaman and Lakshadweep Islands.

Tourism’s contribution: The impact of tourism in our country is multi-dimensional. This is reflected in the economic, social, cultural, political and environmental issues and aspects of the country. In a more general sense, the promotion of understanding between people, creating jobs, directly and indirectly, more foreign reserves and help with the overall economic welfare of the people.

Income from foreign tourists has increased considerably in the nineties, and has contributed more than Rs21, 828 crores in the recent past years. According to the World Tourism and Travel Council (WTTC) industry provides direct employment to 262 million people, which makes the 10th 5% of the total workforce. These numbers are expected to grow to 383 million in 2007. Tourism also represents 8% of world output is the largest internationally traded products or services.

Tourism in the global overview: Tourism is the largest industry in the world, next to the oil industry. In terms of income is left behind cars, and information technology. Tourism is the largest employer.

Table-1

Growth in international tourism 1948 – 2004

Sl No

Year

Number of tourists

Account (in millions)

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

1948

1964

1990

1996

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

14 0

144 0

458 5

591 9

687 3

684 1

702 6

694 0

760 0

Source: 1 WTO, Statistics Posted in Tourism and Travel Management, p. 64

2 India: Tourism and Cultural Heritage Challenge press release, Journal of Indian Association, November 2001, p. 3

The table shows that 760 million foreign tourists in 2004, the largest increase since 1984, the best growth in the past 20 years. There is an increase of 69 million tourists in 2004 compared with 2003 increased by 10%. This is mainly attributed to countries like China and the Soviet Union, the importance of tourism recognized in the national economy. Studies show most industrialized countries, especially in fourteen countries, namely USA, Germany, Great Britain, France, Canada, Austria, Belgium, Yugoslavia, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Italy, Switzerland, Scandinavia and Spain, responsible for 78 percent of world visitor arrives.

Position in the tourism market in India: For centuries, India was in the center of attraction for other people for various reasons. Old attackers believe that this is a gold mine with an unlimited wealth of his prey. In the event, as well as others are attracted because of its mystical Spiritualism, the beauty of its natural manifestations and wonderful variety of fauna and flora. These natural advantages in India can be an ideal destination. But certain restrictions, preventing the growth of tourism in India at the expected level.

Table-2

Foreign tourist arrivals in India

S. None

Year

Arrivals

Changes

1

1991

1677508

——

2

1992

1867651

10 1%

3

1993

1764830

-05. 8%

4

1994

1886433

6 4%

5

1995

2123683

11 1%

6

1996

2287860

7 1%

7

1997

2374094

3 6%

8

1998

2358629

-6. 5%

9

1999

2481928

4 9%

10

2000

2641157

6 4%

11

2001

2536978

-4. 0%

12

2002

2384384

-6. 0%

13

2003

2726214

14 3%

14

2004

3367980

23 5%

Source: 1 The Ministry of Tourism Annual Report 1994-1995

2 Dept. of Tourism Annual Report for 1999.

3 Economic sixth time 1 2002 Page 13

4 Business Line, New Delhi-09. 1st 2005

Travel and tourism in India is pathetic 0 40 per cent of the trillion dollar global tourism industry and stagnant over the past two decades. The table above shows, since the early nineties the growth rate in international tourist arrivals in India have a very volatile and erratic trend. This trend is mainly attributable to the terrorist attacks in the U.S. and his subsequent detention for the safety of tourists. But surprisingly, in 2004, foreign tourists crossed the 3 million with an increase 23 5% in India.

Unlike our neighbors are able to further attract foreign tourists. Asian countries increased their foreign tourists considerably in the past three years, Singapore 7 million, 11 million in Thailand, Malaysia, 14 million, especially in China, 36 million foreign tourists.

  

Contribution of tourism to foreign exchange earnings: Tourism in India is booming thanks to the increase in foreign tourist arrivals in 2003-2004. It is considerably more to the foreign exchange reserves.

Table 3

Foreign exchange earnings through tourism 1998 – 2004 in India.

Sl No

Year

Amount (USD)

Change from the previous year.

1

1998

2948

—-

2

1999

3009

2 1

3

2000

3168

5 3

4

2001

3042

4 0

5

2002

2923

3 9

6

2003

3533

20 8%

7

2004

4810

36 0%

Source: 1) Incredible India-2003 Image

2) Business Line New Delhi-09. 1st 2005

During 2003 and 2004 were foreign exchange earnings from tourism recorded U.S. $ 3533, (R 16 429 Crore) and U.S. $ 4.810 (R 21 828 crores), respectively. It was the 20th and 36 8% 0% increase the previous year. Tourism Department seeks a further increase in foreign tourist arrivals in consecutive years.

Reasons for the growth of tourism: There are several reasons responsible for the growth of tourism in India. Among them, for the first time our dramatic success in the IT industry, such as one of the major global IT center. The second reason is attributed to government efforts. Nationwide advertising campaign “Incredible India” strategy during the 2002 – 2004 proved successful in attracting more tourists. Ad campaign on major television channels, magazines, and is another step towards her. The initiative of public-private participation in developing the tourism infrastructure is another reason. Intense competition in the airline industry between private companies and the Government of airlines as a reduction in air fares and expansion of the networks of the flow of tourists to India to increase. In addition to the above tasks, the group founded by the government of India to promote as a major tourist destination of health has attracted around 1,50,000 patients during 2004.

Issues: Despite its growth in 2004, the Indian tourism market represents about 0 4% of global market share. India is able to estimate the expected number of foreign tourists to lure despite extensive marketing efforts. The term India was not the right signal to send to travel enthusiasts around the glove. The image of India is shown to the world community, it is mysticism, political instability, extreme poverty, illiteracy, terrorism, unemployment, communal strife, lack of social services and corruption. This image plays an important role in the de-motivate tourists to visit India and surrounding Asian countries see.

Table-4

Government spending on travel and tourism in 2001

Sl No

Name of country

The amount incurred as a percentage

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

India

Thailand

United Kingdom

Germany

China

USA

Sri Lanka

France

Malaysia

Honk Kong

Singapore

Spain

0 9

2 8

2 6

3 3

3 8

3 9

4 0

4 7

5 1

7 4

9 1

9 5

Source: economic times, October 28.2001, p. 7

The table shows investments in tourism, with regard to the Indian government is spending 0 9 per cent of the total budget for the award in 2001 and subsequent years is very low compared with other countries. Although India has much to offer in terms of tourist attractions, there are big problems for the growth of tourism, especially in terms of a lack of airport facilities, international and regional air-seat, transport facilities, accommodation, food and shopping recreational facilities, trained manpower and other support services. Beggars, touts, and unhygienic waste in major tourist areas are more potholes on the free movement of foreign tourists.

Table -5

Country wise comparison of the rooms in hotels in 2002

Country

Rooms are available at the hotel

China

8,97,206

Thailand

3,20,565

Malaysia

1,30,757

India

85.481

Singapore

35.989

Source: World Tourism Organization

Country wise comparison shows that India is totally inadequate rooms for tourists.

Measures to be taken: After analyzing the above disadvantages, we can say that India has the capacity to its rich composition of the products to use a larger share of international tourists to attract at least 1% of the global market share. From the above measures are suggested.

Conclusion: India is undoubtedly a fascinating place with a great mixture of ancient monuments, beautiful jungles, pristine beaches, beautiful nature, colorful folk and classical dance, and above all hospitable people. What it requires a more lively approach tourists to receive and send them back as friends with great joy and life memories. Thorough implementation of the concept of “ATITHI Bhovo Devo” at every level of tourism will certainly achieve our goal of global tourism market in India.

 

Reference:


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